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Describe the structure and function of plant cells in 50 words.

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, a large central vacuole, and plasmodesmata. The cell wall provides structure and protection. Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis. The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste. Plasmodesmata allow transport between cells. The components allow plant cells to capture sunlight, take up water and nutrients from soil, and grow.

Plant cellsare eukaryotic cells, that are found in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae which means they have a membrane-bound nucleus. They have a variety of membrane-bound cell organelles that perform various specific functions to maintain the normal functioning of the plant cell. Structure of Plant cellPlant Cell Free WorksheetList of 14 Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell WallStructure of plant cell wallThe function of the plant cell wallPlantcytoskeletonStructure of the plant cytoskeletonFunctions of the plant cytoskeletonMicrofilamentsIntermediate FilamentsMicrotubulesOther functions of the cytoskeleton in plantsinclude:PlantCell (Plasma) membraneStructure of the plant cell (plasma) membraneFunctions of theplant cell (plasma) membranePlasmodesmataStructure of plasmodesmata of plant cellsFunctions of the plasmodesmataCytoplasmPlastidsDevelopment of plastidsGeneral functions of plastidsTypes of PlastidsChloroplastStructure of the plant cell chloroplastFunctions of the plant cell chloroplastChromoplast plastidStructure of plant chromoplastFunctions of plant chromoplastGerontoplast plastids of the plant cellLeucoplast plastids of the plant cellPlant VacuolesStructure of plant cell vacuolesFunctions of the central vacuoleMitochondriaStructure of plant mitochondriaFunctions of mitochondria in plantsEndoplasmic reticulum (ER)Structure of plant cell endoplasmic reticulumFunctions of the endoplasmic reticulumRibosomesStructure of ribosomes of the plant cellFunctions of ribosomes in plant cellsStorage granulesof plant cellFunctions of storage granules in plant cellGolgi bodiesStructure of the Golgi bodies in a plant cellFunctions of the Golgi bodies in a plant cellNucleusStructure of the nucleus of the plant cellFunctions of the nucleus of the plant cellPeroxisomesStructure of the peroxisomesFunctions of the peroxisomesLysosomesin plant cells?References Generally, plant cells are a lot bigger than animal cells, coming in more similar sizes and they are typically cubed or rectangular in shape. Plant cells also have structural organelles that are not found in the animals cells including the cell wall, vacuoles, plastids e. g Chloroplast. Animal cells also contain structures that are not found in the plant cells such as, cilia and flagella, lysosomes, and centrioles. Labeled diagram of plant cell. The typical characteristics that define the plant cell include cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, plastids which play a major role in photosynthesis and storage of starch, large vacuoles responsible for regulating the cell turgor pressure. They also have a very unique cell division process whereby there is the formation of a phragmoplast (a complex made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and the endoplasmic reticulum) all assembling during cytokinesis, to separate the daughter cells. These organelles most of them are similar to the animal organelles performing the same functions as those of the animal cell.Organelleshave a wide range of responsibilities that include everything from producing hormones and enzymes to providing energy for a plant cell. Plants cells have DNA that helps in making new cells, hence enhancing the growth of the plant. the DNA is enclosed within the nucleus, an enveloped membrane structure at the center of the cell. The plant cell also has several cell organelle structures performing a variety of functions to maintain cellular metabolisms, growth, and development. Plant Cell Free Worksheet Answer key Plant Cell Worksheet List of 14 Plant Cell Organelles Cell Wall Cytoskeleton Cell (Plasma) membrane Plasmodesmata The cytoplasm Plastids Plant Vacuoles Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes Storage granules Golgi bodies Nucleus Peroxisomes Plant Cell Wall Figure: Diagram of Plant cell wall. Source: Wikipedia Plant Cell Wall is the rigid outer cover of the plant cell with a major role of protecting the plant cell, giving it, its shape. Structure of plant cell wall It is a specialized

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3.1.2: Plant Cell Structure Last updated Save as PDF Page ID27731 Yuba College, College of the Redwoods, & Ventura College via ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative Learning Objectives Describe the structures that all cells share in common. State the role of the plasma membrane. Describe the structures of eukaryotic cells. Summarize the functions of the major cell organelles. Components of All Cells All cells contain these same four components: 1. plasma (cell) membrane, a phospholipid bilayer with a mosaic of proteins, which functions as a barrier between the cell and its environment. 2. cytoplasm, the region between the region of DNA and plasma membrane, and the cytosol, a fluid, jelly-like region inside the cell where chemical reactions take place. 3. DNA, the heredity information of cells, which can be found in a nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the a nucleoid region of prokaryotic cell. 4. ribosomes, or protein-synthesizing structures composed of ribosomes and proteins. These structures can be found on the image of the plant cell (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)): This figure show the major organelles and other cell components of a typical eukaryotic plant cell. The plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuolestructures not in animal cells. Most cells do not have lysosomes or centrosomes. The Plasma Membrane Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)), a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment. A phospholipid is a lipid molecule with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate-containing group. The plasma membrane controls the passage of organic molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell. Wastes (such as carbon dioxide and ammonia) also leave the cell by passing through the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane are semi-permeable and allow small and/or non-polar molecules to pass through. Water, being small, can pass through the membrane and will move from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration by the process of osmosis. (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)): The eukaryotic plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol embedded in it. The Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the cell's entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope (a structure we will discuss shortly). It is comprised of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Even though the cytoplasm consists of 70 to 80 percent water, it has a semi-solid consistency, which comes from the proteins within it. However, proteins are not the only organic molecules in the cytoplasm. Glucose and other simple sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids, and derivatives of glycerol are also there. Ions of sodium, potassium, calcium, and many other elements also dissolve in the cytoplasm. Many metabolic reactions, including protein synthesis, take place in the cytoplasm. DNA In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is typically housed in a nucleus (plural = nuclei), the most prominent organelle in a cell (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). This organelle directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins. Lets look at it in more detail (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)). (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)): The nucleus stores chromatin (DNA plus proteins) in a gel-like substance called the nucleoplasm. The nucleolus is a condensed chromatin region where ribosome synthesis occurs. We call the nucleus' boundary the nuclear envelope. It consists of two phospholipid bilayers: an outer and an inner membrane. The nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear pores allow substances to enter and exit the nucleus. The Nuclear Envelope The nuclear envelope is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the nucleus' outermost portion (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\

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The cell is the basic unit of life in all organisms. Like humans and animals, plants are also composed of several cells. The plant cell is surrounded by a cell wall which is involved in providing shape to the plant cell. Apart from the cell wall, there are other organelles that are associated with different cellular activities. Let us have a detailed look at the plant cell, its structure, and the functions of different plant cell organelles. Plant cells are eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out certain specific functions. Table of Contents What is a Plant Cell? Plant Cell Diagram Plant Cell Structure Plant Cell Types Plant Cell Functions What is a Plant Cell? Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that vary in several fundamental factors from other eukaryotic organisms. Both plant and animal cells contain a nucleus along with similar organelles. One of the distinctive aspects of a plant cell is the presence of a cell wall outside the cell membrane. Read more: Cells Plant Cell Diagram The plant cell is rectangular and comparatively larger than the animal cell. Even though plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and share a few cell organelles, plant cells are quite distinct when compared to animal cells as they perform different functions. Some of these differences can be clearly understood when the cells are examined under an electron microscope. Also Read:Cellulose in Digestion Plant Cell Structure Just like different organs within the body, plant cell structure includes various components known as cell organelles that perform different functions to sustain itself. These organelles include: Cell Wall It is a rigid layer which is composed of polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose. It is located outside the cell membrane.It also comprisesglycoproteins and polymers such as lignin, cutin, or suberin. The primary function of the cell wall is to protect and provide structural support to the cell. The plant cell wall is also involved in protecting the cell against mechanical stress and providing form and structure to the cell. It also filters the molecules passing in and out of it. The formation of the cell wall is guided by microtubules. It consists of three layers, namely, primary, secondary and the middle lamella. The primary cell wall is formed by cellulose laid down by enzymes. Also Read:Cell Wall Cell membrane It is the semi-permeable membrane that is present within the cell wall. It is composed of a thin layer of protein and fat. The cell membrane plays an important role in regulating the entry and exit of specific substances within the cell. For instance, cell membrane keeps toxins from entering inside, while nutrients and essential minerals are transported across. Also Read:Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Nucleus The nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that is present only in eukaryotic cells. The vital function of a nucleus is to store DNA or hereditary information required for cell division, metabolism and growth. Nucleolus: It manufactures cells protein-producing structures and ribosomes. Nucleopore: Nuclear membrane is perforated with holes called nucleopore that allow proteins and nucleic acids to pass through. Explore more:The Nucleus Plastids They are membrane-bound organelles that have their own DNA. They are necessary to store starch and to carry out the process of photosynthesis.It is also used in the synthesis of many molecules, which form the building blocks of the cell. Some of the vital types of plastids and their functions are stated below: Leucoplasts They are found in the non-photosynthetic tissue of plants. They are used for the storage of protein, lipid and starch. Chloroplasts It is an elongated organelle enclosed by phospholipid membrane. The chloroplast is shaped like a disc and the stroma is the fluid within the chloroplast that comprises a circular DNA. Each chloroplast contains a green coloured pigment called chlorophyll required

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