Conversation with Merlin [email protected] · Thu Dec 07 2023

Give me an explanTION to this diagram

I'm happy to help explain the diagram. However, it seems that the diagram is not fully visible in the information provided. If you could provide a verbal description or further details about the diagram itself, I'll do my best to provide a clear explanation based on the information available.

Youve probably heard of and seen bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts, and perhaps youve even used them to visualize data in your infographics and reports. But what do you do if the information you want to share with others is not numeric? For example, perhaps you are looking to describe complex topics, patterns or systems. (This is sometimes referred to as qualitative data.) This information may be different from numeric data but that doesnt mean you cant visualize it! It does mean that you will likely use some type of diagram. Heres some information about the many types of diagrams there are to choose from and when to use which. Want tovisualize your qualitative data using diagrams?Get started with Venngage Diagram Maker and our smart diagram templates. Smart diagram templates automate the diagramming process, making you your most productive. Absolutely no design experience required. Table of contents: Overview of types of diagrams How to choose the right diagram Mind map Matrix or quadrant chart Venn diagram Circle diagram Tree diagram or dendrogram Pyramid or triangle chart Funnel chart and journey map Roadmap and Gantt chart Flowchart, feedback loop and decision tree Fishbone diagram Organizational chart SWOT analysis diagram Quick diagram design tips FAQ types of diagrams Types of diagrams: An overview There are a wide variety of diagrams you can choose from, depending on what you hope to describe. If you are looking to show how different categories compare to one another (and arent doing so in a numeric way with a bar chart), you might consider using a: mind map, matrix, or Venn diagram If you want to communicate about how different parts of a whole are connected, you might choose a: circle diagram, tree diagram, or pyramid diagram If you want to visualize how events or tasks are sequenced in a process, you could select a: funnel chart, journey map, Gantt chart, flowchart, or fishbone diagram Heres a quick summary of the types of diagrams that you can use and how you can use each of them, created using a Venngage smart diagramtemplate: How to choose the right diagram When thinking about which diagram is right for you, always start by first considering what is important to your audience. This is important because you want others to easily connect with the information you want to share and for them to be able to easily grasp key ideas. When you know whats important to your audience, and thus what you want to share, then you can choose what type of visual might be most useful. This decision can be based on the information you are working with and/or the important ideas you want to convey. Lets take a closer look at each diagram type and its use cases. Mind map You are probably already familiar with mind maps. Usually there is one central idea with various branches to supporting ideas, known as nodes. You can use a mind map to visualize information such as: A main topic with nodes describing subtopics or themes A main question with nodes describing avenues of exploration A project with nodes describing different components or teams A network of people with nodes describing the people and branches describing relationships (this is known as a network map) There are hundreds of mind map templates available in the Venngage templates library. Every template is created by in-house professional graphic designers, for non-designers. Plus, Venngage Mind Map Maker has sleek mind mapping features that help you stay productive and collaborate seamlessly. Take a look: As you add more shapes to your mind map, things can look a little unorganized. Venngage Mind Map Maker ensures that all your shapes realign automatically. Plus, you can quickly copy and paste the styling of one shape to others with a click as well. For more mind map templates and examples, check out: 40+ Mind Map Templates to Help You Visualize Ideas 15+ Mind Map Examples to Organize Your Team and Inspire New Ideas 10+ Site Map Templates and Examples to Visualize Your

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A database diagram is essentially an abstract graphical representation of the structure of a database. It can be used both as a tool to assist in the design of a database and as a document that shows the structure of an existing database. You can think of a database diagram as a poster that you stick on a wall for programmers to look at when they need to know the name of a table or column. That is certainly one of its functions. But the usefulness of a database diagram goes far beyond being a wall decoration or mere reference material. The following are some of the practical uses of a database diagram: Documenting database structure. Communicating database design decisions and providing a basis on which to discuss those decisions. Obtaining customer/stakeholder validation for a data model. Facilitating database version management and the generation of upgrade scripts. Smoothing out migration between model versions and even different database engines. Database diagrams also known as ERDs or Entity-Relationship Diagrams can be created with any database modeling tool that allows drawing; even a pencil and paper will do. However, theres a great advantage in using an intelligent database diagram tool like Vertabelo. These modeling tools not only facilitate drawing the ERD, they can also detect if there are flaws in the model that will eventually lead to problems when that ERD is transformed into an operational database. You can follow these 5 Steps for an Effective Database Model or read about the steps of database design if you need a safe path to an effective database design. Types of Database Diagrams There are three types of database diagrams: conceptual, logical, and physical. All three represent the objects that make up a database but include different levels of detail and serve different purposes. A useful tip for better database design is to really understand the difference between ER diagram types. The conceptual diagram is the most basic; its purpose is to give an overview of the data model to project stakeholders, who are not interested in implementation details. This diagram only needs to show the entities and the main relationships between them. It does not even need to fulfill the requirements of the entity-relationship model. The logical diagram goes into detail about the definition of the entities and the relations between them; it must meet technical requirements to be valid. However, the logical diagram doesnt show the implementation details for a particular database management system (DBMS). Finally, the physical diagram does contain all the details necessary to become an operational database in a given DBMS. It includes the precise data types of each attribute. You can read about how to prepare a database model if you dont know exactly where to start when creating an ER diagram. The Logical Database Diagram The logical database diagram serves as a working tool during the analysis and design stages of a software product. When working on the logical diagram, the database modeler does not need to know the specifics of the DBMS on which the software will operate. Moreover, by working exclusively on logical diagrams, the decision of which DBMS to use can be deferred. This decision can be made only when the software solution is being implemented; this allows the team to consider the performance, cost, and user convenience offered by each alternative. A logical database diagram for a hotel booking system. The Physical Database Diagram The physical database diagram is constructed from the logical diagram. It adds all the information that will be needed to implement the database on a particular DBMS. This includes the data type of each column (chosen from the data types supported by the target DBMS) as well as its capacity and any constraints. In addition, the object names in the physical diagram must match the constraints of the DBMS and any applicable naming conventions in database modeling. One of the most importan

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques. Diagrams have been used since prehistoric times on walls of caves, but became more prevalent during the Enlightenment.[1] Sometimes, the technique uses a three-dimensional visualization which is then projected onto a two-dimensional surface. The word graph is sometimes used as a synonym for diagram. Overview[edit] The term "diagram" in its commonly used sense can have a general or specific meaning: visual information device: Like the term "illustration", "diagram" is used as a collective term standing for the whole class of technical genres, including graphs, technical drawings and tables. specific kind of visual display: This is the genre that shows qualitative data with shapes that are connected by lines, arrows, or other visual links. In science the term is used in both ways. For example, Anderson (1997) stated more generally: "diagrams are pictorial, yet abstract, representations of information, and maps, line graphs, bar charts, engineering blueprints, and architects' sketches are all examples of diagrams, whereas photographs and video are not".[2] On the other hand, Lowe (1993) defined diagrams as specifically "abstract graphic portrayals of the subject matter they represent".[3] In the specific sense diagrams and charts contrast with computer graphics, technical illustrations, infographics, maps, and technical drawings, by showing "abstract rather than literal representations of information".[4] The essence of a diagram can be seen as:[4] a form of visual formatting devices a display that does not show quantitative data (numerical data), but rather relationships and abstract information with building blocks such as geometrical shapes connected by lines, arrows, or other visual links. Or in Hall's (1996) words "diagrams are simplified figures, caricatures in a way, intended to convey essential meaning".[5] These simplified figures are often based on a set of rules. The basic shape according to White (1984) can be characterized in terms of "elegance, clarity, ease, pattern, simplicity, and validity".[4] Elegance is basically determined by whether or not the diagram is "the simplest and most fitting solution to a problem".[6] Diagrammatology[edit] Diagrammatology is the academic study of diagrams. Scholars note that while a diagram may look similar to the thing that it represents, this is not necessary. Rather a diagram may only have structural similarity to what it represents, an idea often attributed to Charles Sanders Peirce.[7]:42 Structural similarity can be defined in terms of a mapping between parts of the diagram and parts of what the diagram represents and the properties of this mapping, such as maintaining relations between these parts and facts about these relations. This is related to the concept of isomorphism, or homomorphism in mathematics.[7]:43 Sometimes certain geometric properties (such as which points are closer) of the diagram can be mapped to properties of the thing that a diagram represents. On the other hand, the representation of an object in a diagram may be overly specific and properties that are true in the diagram may not be true for the object the diagram represents.[7]:48 A diagram may act as a means of cognitive extension allowing reasoning to take place on the diagram based on which constraints are similar.[7]:50 Gallery of diagram types[edit] There are at least the following types of diagrams: Logical[edit] Logical or conceptual diagrams, which take a collection of items and relationships between them, and express them by giving each item a 2D position, while the relationships are expressed as connections between the items or overlaps between the items, for example: Quantitative[edit] Quantitative diagrams, which display a relationship between two variables that take either discrete or a continuous range of values; for example: Hanger diagram. Schematic[edit] Schemat

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Feattal health monitoring system is what the diagaram is about, i t has a patint database. data processing test datasest model classifaction ml algorithm and traing dataset. Can you connect all thgese and make an explation for the setps involved along with this diafram

Based on the information you've provided about the mental health monitoring and its components, here's an overview of the steps involved in connecting the different elements mentioned:

  1. Data Acquisition and Patient:

    • The first in the process is the acquisition of data from various mental health monitoring devices such as polysomnography (PSG), electrophalogram (EEG), electro-oculogramEOG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrocardiogram (ECG). This data is then stored in a patient database, which serves as a centralized repository for all the mental health-related information of the individuals being monitored.
  2. Data Processing:

    • Once the data is collected and stored, the next step processing the raw data to prepare it for analysis. This may include cleaning the data, removing any inconsistencies or outliers, and transforming it into a format suitable further analysis. Data processing ensures that the data is of high quality and can be effectively utilized in the subsequent steps.
  3. Test Dataset and Training Dataset:

    • The processed data is then divided into two main sets: the test dataset and the training dataset. The test dataset is used to evaluate the performance of the machine learning models, while the dataset is used to train these models. The division of the data into these sets is crucial for assessing the predictive capabilities of the models and overfitting.
  4. Model Classification:

    • Machine learning algorithms are employed to build models that can classify and predict mental health-related outcomes based the data gathered. These models use various techniques such as support vector machines and deep learning to classify individuals into different mental health categories predict the likelihood of certain mental health issues.
  5. Machine Learning Algorithm:

    • Machine learning algorithms, such as support vector machines and deep learning techniques, are applied to the training dataset to develop predictive models. These models learn from the patterns and present in the data to make accurate predictions about mental health conditions. The algorithms are trained using the training dataset to optimize predictive accuracy.
  6. Performance Evaluation:

    • After the models have been trained, they are using the test dataset to assess their performance. This step is essential for determining how well the models generalize to new, unseen data and for identifying any areas that require improvement.

By connecting these steps, the mental health monitoring system processes data from patients, prepares it for analysis, and evaluates machine learning models, and ultimately contributes to the understanding and prediction of mental health outcomes.

Author / Affiliation / Email Article Menu Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Open AccessSystematic Review Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Original submission received: 17 January 2023 / Revised: 22 February 2023 / Accepted: 22 February 2023 / Published: 1 March 2023 Abstract: With the increase in biosensors and data collection devices in the healthcare industry, artificial intelligence and machine learning have attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, we offered a comprehensive review of the current trends and the state-of-the-art in mental health analysis as well as the application of machine-learning techniques for analyzing multi-variate/multi-channel multi-modal biometric signals.This study reviewed the predominant mental-health-related biosensors, including polysomnography (PSG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electro-oculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrocardiogram (ECG). We also described the processes used for data acquisition, data-cleaning, feature extraction, machine-learning modeling, and performance evaluation. This review showed that support-vector-machine and deep-learning techniques have been well studied, to date.After reviewing over 200 papers, we also discussed the current challenges and opportunities in this field. 1. IntroductionIt is a bitter pill to swallow: At least one-in-five adults suffers from at least one form of mental health issue or disorder.These health conditions involve changes in emotions, thinking, behavior, or a combination of these [1], such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep apnea disorder, and depression [2,3,4,5,6]. Mental health issues affect well-being, impairing relationships and cognitive activities and causing body responses that may place individuals at risk.A significant amount of research has leveraged the application of machine learning (ML) techniques for extracting, detecting, and classifying mental health biomarkers in sensor datasets [7,8,9,10,11,12]. These biosensor data are usually multi-channel, and even multi-modal, time series [13]. In the medical field, two types of signals are commonly collected for diagnosis, which includes bio-electric and non-bio-electric signals. These signals typically require expert evaluation to make a valid diagnosis [14]. With the assistance of ML techniques, there is the potential to increase the efficiency of mental health diagnosis and even the prognoses of mental disorders at an early stage, given the widely monitored signals through wearable devices in recent years. Biological signals can be collected through different modalities. For example, in this paper, we reviewed the application of ML techniques for electroencephalograms (EEGs), which records signals from the brain [15]; electro-oculograms (EOGs), which record the movement signals of the eyes [16]; electromyograms (EMGs), which record signals from muscle activities during sleep stages [17,18,19]; and electrocardiograms (ECGs), which record signals from the heart via a heart-rate monitor. Non-bio-electric signals include body temperature, respiration, and blood pressure. Despite there being many biological signals for diagnosing mental diseases, this work concentrated on bio-electrical signals and ML techniques that have been used to promote the diagnosis of mental health issues [20].There are various biological signal types [21]: bio-electrical signals, bio-acoustic signals, bio-mechanical signals, bio-chemical signals, and body temperature. Bio-electrical signals occur in the body of cells, and they originate from the electric activities occurring in the body. These signals have been used for diagnosing various diseases using ML techniques, which is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies. In this work, we reviewed the trends and the state-of-the-art of these ML techniques for mental health diagnosis, and

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The increase of mental health problems and the need for effective medical health care have led to an investigation of machine learning that can be applied in mental health problems. This paper presents a recent systematic review of machine learning approaches in predicting mental health problems. Furthermore, we will discuss the challenges, limitations, and future directions for the application of machine learning in the mental health field. We collect research articles and studies that are related to the machine learning approaches in predicting mental health problems by searching reliable databases. Moreover, we adhere to the PRISMA methodology in conducting this systematic review. We include a total of 30 research articles in this review after the screening and identification processes. Then, we categorize the collected research articles based on the mental health problems such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and mental health problems among children. Discussing the findings, we reflect on the challenges and limitations faced by the researchers on machine learning in mental health problems. Additionally, we provide concrete recommendations on the potential future research and development of applying machine learning in the mental health field.1. IntroductionMental illness is a health problem that undoubtedly impacts emotions, reasoning, and social interaction of a person. These issues have shown that mental illness gives serious consequences across societies and demands new strategies for prevention and intervention. To accomplish these strategies, early detection of mental health is an essential procedure. Medical predictive analytics will reform the healthcare field broadly as discussed by Miner et al. [1]. Mental illness is usually diagnosed based on the individual self-report that requires questionnaires designed for the detection of the specific patterns of feeling or social interactions [2]. With proper care and treatment, many individuals will hopefully be able to recover from mental illness or emotional disorder [3].Machine learning is a technique that aims to construct systems that can improve through experience by using advanced statistical and probabilistic techniques. It is believed to be a significantly useful tool to help in predicting mental health. It is allowing many researchers to acquire important information from the data, provide personalized experiences, and develop automated intelligent systems [4]. The widely used algorithms in the field of machine learning such as support vector machine, random forest, and artificial neural networks have been utilized to forecast and categorize the future events [5].Supervised learning in machine learning is the most widely applied approach in many types of research, studies, and experiments, especially in predicting illness in the medical field. In supervised learning, the terms, attributes, and values should be reflected in all data instances [6]. More precisely, supervised learning is a classification technique using structured training data [7]. Meanwhile, unsupervised learning does not need supervision to predict. The main goal of unsupervised learning is handling data without supervision. It is very limited for the researchers to apply unsupervised learning methods in the clinical field.In this paper, the main objective is to provide a systematic literature review, critical review, and summary of the machine learning techniques that are being used to predict, diagnose, and identify mental health problems. Moreover, this paper will propose future avenues for research on this topic. It would also give attention to the challenges and limitations of applying the machine learning techniques in this area. Besides that, potential opportunities and gaps in this field for future research will be discussed. Hence, this paper will contribute to the state of the art in the form of a systematic literature review co

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Author / Affiliation / Email Article Menu Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Open AccessFeature PaperArticle 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47080, Pakistan 2 Computer Science and Information Technology Department, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, New Mirpur City 10250, Pakistan 3 Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 4 Department of Information Technology, Al Baha University, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Original submission received: 24 February 2022 / Revised: 23 March 2022 / Accepted: 25 March 2022 / Published: 31 March 2022 Abstract: Over the years, stress, anxiety, and modern-day fast-paced lifestyles have had immense psychological effects on peoples minds worldwide. The global technological development in healthcare digitizes the scopious data, enabling the map of the various forms of human biology more accurately than traditional measuring techniques. Machine learning (ML) has been accredited as an efficient approach for analyzing the massive amount of data in the healthcare domain. ML methodologies are being utilized in mental health to predict the probabilities of mental disorders and, therefore, execute potential treatment outcomes. This review paper enlists different machine learning algorithms used to detect and diagnose depression. The ML-based depression detection algorithms are categorized into three classes, classification, deep learning, and ensemble. A general model for depression diagnosis involving data extraction, pre-processing, training ML classifier, detection classification, and performance evaluation is presented. Moreover, it presents an overview to identify the objectives and limitations of different research studies presented in the domain of depression detection. Furthermore, it discussed future research possibilities in the field of depression diagnosis. 1. IntroductionThe modern age lifestyle has a psychological impact on peoples minds that causes emotional distress and depression [1]. Depression is a prevailing mental disturbance affecting an individuals thinking and mental development. According to WHO, approximately 1 billion people have mental disorders [2] and over 300 million people suffer from depression worldwide [3]. Depression prevails in suicidal thoughts in an individual. Around 800,000 people commit suicide annually. Therefore, it requires a comprehensive response to deal with the burden of mental health issues [4,5]. Depression may harm the socio-economic status of an individual. People suffering from depression are more reluctant to socialize. Counseling and psychological therapies can help fight depression. Machine learning (ML) aims at creating algorithms that are equipped with the ability to train themselves to perceive complex patterns. This ability helps to find solutions to new problems by using previous data and solutions. ML algorithms implement processes with regulated and standardized outcomes [6,7]. Broadly, ML algorithms are categorized into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning algorithms. The supervised ML algorithms [8] utilize main inputs to predict known values, whereas the unsupervised ML algorithms [9] divulge unidentified patterns and clusters within the given data. Semi-supervised learning [10] is concerned with the working of systems by combining both labeled and unlabeled data, and it lies between supervised and unsupervised learning. Reinforcement learning [11] is concerned with interpreting the environment to undergo desired actions and exhibiting outcomes through trial and error. The applications of ML techniques in healthcare have proven to be pragmatic as they can process a huge amount of heterogeneous data and provide efficient clinical insights. ML-based approaches provide an

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