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find me tutorial to create a user defined library in C++

Creating a user-defined library in C++ involves creating a static library to contain reusable code. Here's a step-by-step guide to create a static library in C++:

  1. Create a Static Library Project:

    • Open Visual Studio and select File > New > Project.
    • Set Language to C++, Platform to Windows, and Project type to Library.
    • Select Windows Desktop Wizard from the list of project types and proceed to enter the project and solution names.
    • Choose the Static Library (.lib) option under Application type and ensure the Empty project box is checked. Then, create the project.
  2. Add a Class to the Static Library:

    • Once the project is created, you can add classes, functions, and other reusable code to the static library project.
  3. Create a C++ Console App that References the Static Library:

    • After creating the static library, you can create a new C++ console application that will reference the static library.
  4. Use the Functionality from the Static Library in the App:

    • In the console application, you can use the functionality provided by the static library by including the necessary header files and calling the functions or using the classes defined in the library.
  5. Run the App:

    • Finally, you can build and run the console application to verify that it successfully utilizes the functionality from the static library.

Understanding the Importance of Libraries: A library in C++ is a collection of functions, methods, classes, and header files. It allows for code reuse and modularization. The most common C++ library is the Standard Template Library (STL), which contains various data structures and algorithms. Libraries can be further classified into static and dynamic libraries.

Static Library:

  • Procedures in a static library are compiled and linked directly into your program. The executable contains the features of the static library, and it can be distributed as a single executable.
  • However, static libraries consume more memory, are not easily upgradable, and require the entire executable to be replaced for upgrades.

Dynamic Library:

  • Dynamic libraries are linked to the program at runtime. They are more flexible in terms of upgrades and memory consumption, but they require the library file to be distributed along with the executable.

By following these steps and understanding the importance of libraries in C++, you can create and utilize user-defined libraries effectively.

Article 10/29/2021 This step-by-step walkthrough shows how to create a static library (.lib file) for use with C++ apps. Using a static library is a great way to reuse code. Rather than reimplementing the same routines in every app that requires the functionality, you write them one time in a static library and then reference it from the apps. Code linked from a static library becomes part of your appyou don't have to install another file to use the code. This walkthrough covers these tasks: Create a static library project Add a class to the static library Create a C++ console app that references the static library Use the functionality from the static library in the app Run the app Prerequisites An understanding of the fundamentals of the C++ language. Create a static library project The instructions for how to create the project vary depending on your version of Visual Studio. To see the documentation for your preferred version of Visual Studio, use the Version selector control. It's found at the top of the table of contents on this page. To create a static library project in Visual Studio On the menu bar, choose File > New > Project to open the Create a New Project dialog. At the top of the dialog, set Language to C++, set Platform to Windows, and set Project type to Library. From the filtered list of project types, select Windows Desktop Wizard, then choose Next. In the Configure your new project page, enter MathLibrary in the Project name box to specify a name for the project. Enter StaticMath in the Solution name box. Choose the Create button to open the Windows Desktop Project dialog. In the Windows Desktop Project dialog, under Application type, select Static Library (.lib). Under Additional options, uncheck the Precompiled header check box if it's checked. Check the Empty project box. Choose OK to create the project. To create a static library project in Visual Studio 2017 On the menu bar, choose File > New > Project. In the New Project dialog box, select Installed > Visual C++ > Windows Desktop. In the center pane, select Windows Desktop Wizard. Specify a name for the projectfor example, MathLibraryin the Name box. Specify a name for the solutionfor example, StaticMathin the Solution Name box. Choose the OK button. In the Windows Desktop Project dialog, under Application type, select Static Library (.lib). Under Additional Options, uncheck the Precompiled header check box if it's checked. Check the Empty project box. Choose OK to create the project. To create a static library project in Visual Studio 2015 On the menu bar, choose File > New > Project. In the New Project dialog box, select Installed > Templates > Visual C++ > Win32. In the center pane, select Win32 Console Application. Specify a name for the projectfor example, MathLibraryin the Name box. Specify a name for the solutionfor example, StaticMathin the Solution Name box. Choose the OK button. In the Win32 Application Wizard, choose Next. In the Application Settings page, under Application type, select Static library. Under Additional options, uncheck the Precompiled header checkbox. Choose Finish to create the project. Add a class to the static library To add a class to the static library To create a header file for a new class, right-click to open the shortcut menu for the MathLibrary project in Solution Explorer, and then choose Add > New Item. In the Add New Item dialog box, select Visual C++ > Code. In the center pane, select Header File (.h). Specify a name for the header filefor example, MathLibrary.hand then choose the Add button. A nearly blank header file is displayed. Add a declaration for a class named Arithmetic to do common mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The code should resemble: // MathLibrary.h #pragma once namespace MathLibrary { class Arithmetic { public: // Returns a + b static double Add(double a, double b); // Returns a - b static double Subtract(double a, double b); // Returns a *

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Before going on to the creation of a library, lets understand its meaning. What is a library? In simple words, a library is a collection of numerous functions, methods, classes, header files etc. One or more header files and an object library make up a C++ library. The class definitions and other information required to access library functions are provided in the header files. Your software is linked with the object library's-built functions and data to create an executable program. The C++ class libraries are reusable, modular pieces of code. You can integrate sections of code that have already been developed and tested using class libraries. The most famous library in C++ is Standard Template Library, which means STL, that almost contains every possible thing, which is very helpful in implementing Data Structures and Algorithms. Segments of the C++ Standard Library can be characterized as follows: The Standard Function Library: The Standard Function Library is a collection of all-purpose, independent functions that are not contained in any specific class. The function library comes from C by inheritance. The Object-Oriented Class Library: The object-oriented class library is a collection of classes and related functions. The point to be noted is that libraries are also classified as Static and Dynamic based on their type. Static Library: Procedures in a static library are compiled and linked into your program directly. When you generate a program that uses a static library, the executable results include every feature that the static library offers. Static libraries have the benefit of requiring only the executable to be distributed for users to run your software. This guarantees that the appropriate version of the library is always used with your software because the library becomes a part of it. Additionally, you can use static libraries much like the functionality you've created for your own application because they become a part of it. But the disadvantage of a static library is it wastes a lot of memory and can't be upgraded easily. Also, in order to upgrade them, again, all the files that are executable have to be replaced. Dynamic Library: When running, a program will load procedures from a dynamic library (also called a shared library). A dynamic library does not merge with your executable when you generate a program that requires it; instead, it stays as a different thing. Therefore, extension Dynamic libraries provide the benefit of allowing multiple programs to share a single copy, which saves storage space. The ability to upgrade the dynamic library without having to change all the executables that depend on it may be of more significant benefit. Since dynamic libraries are not linked to your program, programs that use dynamic libraries must manually load and communicate with the dynamic library. This method makes interacting with a dynamic library challenging and confusing. The DLLs can be loaded dynamically during run time. Usually, programmers have to write code to do so, like LoadLibrary or LoadLibraryEx. You will need to include the right header files before you can use anything from a library. The compiler knows the prototypes of functions and can check for the correct spelling of function names and for the valid number and type of parameters you pass to it in calls. The library files tell the compiler how to call the function in the DLL. Note: Both static and dynamic libraries will have different extensions depending upon the usage of Operating Systems like Windows, Linux etc. Advantages A. Usually, libraries come in the form of meaning 2, a collection of code that is compiled separately. Sharing common stuff at the source code level can be done, but it might not be the best practice. B. Those that are essential and can be seen as an extension of the language. This is how you can deal with, for instance, files in C and C++. Also, the entire STL is a great example. Nowadays. Things like vectors and lists

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C++ Libraries Part I: DesignThis blog post goes over the basics of creating a C++ library.It was originally created as a result of questions by a few people, so I decided to create this brief introduction for developers looking to extend their knowledge on libraries in general, and C++ libraries in particular.This is Part I of a two part blog post, second part can be found here.If youre interested in taking your library creation to the next level, this blog post is for you :)0. What is a library?A library is a curated collection of sources of information and similar resourcesEvery software engineer is familiar with the term library.In C++ (and especially in projects based on OOP design) almost every class defines an API (Application Programming Interface). But not every API is a library.Though the quote above is referring to a physical library, this is actually very true for software libraries as well.You could think of a physical library which contains publications on different topics. Publications appear in the catalog one by one, but you could also group a few into a collection. A software library can have a single functional area (text parsers) or it could be composed of multiple functional areas like the standard C++ library.A software library is meant to supply functionality via a defined API, but theres more to it Writing a library may sound easy, but it hides a very complex problem.Before we begin, lets define those fundamental terms:The library: Library code, which in order to use, the user will have to have to add `#include mylib.hpp` in her code.The user code: The part of the program which imports the library, and calls the utilities.In the following blog, well use the following (over simplified, not working) code examples:Library (header only version)User codeNotice that the library can be written as header only `.hpp` file only, or as `.hpp & .cpp` (by splitting the declarations from definitions, and moving the definitions into a `.cpp` file).Writing code in the header can create small technical differences (which will not be explained here), but the header only library term will usually be used when templates are used as a technique to write your library code.The major difference of using open templates in the header file comes from templates ability to create implementation on demand and this can only be done when the .hpp source is provided to the user code.(templates library will come up later in this blog, but an extensive explanation on templates techniques is planned to be published in a different blog).I. How to design a library?There are a few things to consider when you plan to write a library.What is the API of the library?This is the most important decision you need to make.When you define the API, you define how the users will use the library, and more importantly, you define what should not be changed between different versions of your library.If you change the API you create a breaking change in your library, so think carefully before defining it.A best practice (coming from OOP design) will be to encapsulate all the implementation details, and expose only what is needed to be called by the user.What are the requirements of the library?Here you need to think of the usage.Is your library meant to be used by system developers, by other library writers, or maybe something in between?Is it a local facility (meant to be used by a specific part of the program, such as writing to the file system), or is it a global facility, relevant to all the program? (for example logs, or a general wrapper)What is important for the designated users?This could be one or more of the following: small code size, fast runtime performance, readability, simplicity, backwards compatibility, etc.Notice that some of these are in contradiction to the others.How will the users use it?This section is separated into two different ones. Though they can be related, its important to notice that the two are not tied to each other:T

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no u do not get it ! I want to make file based user defined library instead of project based library

Apologies for the misunderstanding, you want to create a user-defined library that is not project-specific but file-based. This essentially involves creating a header file that defines certain functionalities which can then be included in various other C++ files. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to create such a library in C++:

  1. Create a header file: This file contains the declarations of the functions, classes, and variables that will be part of your library. The extension of this file should be .h or .hpp. Let's call it MyLibrary.h. An example of what could be in this file is:
// MyLibrary.h #ifndef MYLIBRARY_H #define MYLIBRARY_H void printHello(); int addNumbers(int a, int b); #endif

This surely declares a function printHello that prints "Hello, World!" to the screen, and a function addNumbers that returns the sum of two integers.

  1. Create a source file: This file contains the definitions of the functions, classes, and variables declared in the header file. The extension of this file should be .cpp. Let's call it MyLibrary.cpp.
// MyLibrary.cpp #include <iostream> #include "MyLibrary.h" void printHello() { std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl; } int addNumbers(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
  1. Include the header file in your program: Now anytime you want to use the functions printHello and addNumbers just include the header in your .cpp file using #include "MyLibrary.h". An example of a file using this library could be:
// main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "MyLibrary.h" int main() { printHello(); std::cout << "The sum of 3 and 4 is: " << addNumbers(3, 4) << std::endl; return 0; }
  1. Compiling the files together: Now you need to compile all the files together. If you're using the command-line compiler, this could be done with a command like this:
g++ MyLibrary.cpp main.cpp -o main

This compiles the MyLibrary.cpp and main.cpp files together and outputs an executable named main.

This method will create a user-defined library that can be file-based instead of project-based as. If you have other preferences like using a build system (like CMake or Makefile) or an IDE (like Visual Studio Code or CLion), let me know so I could provide a more precise guide.

Article 12/10/2021 This step-by-step walkthrough shows how to use the Visual Studio IDE to create your own dynamic link library (DLL) written in Microsoft C++ (MSVC). Then it shows how to use the DLL from another C++ app. DLLs (also known as shared libraries in UNIX-based operating systems) are one of the most useful kinds of Windows components. You can use them as a way to share code and resources, and to shrink the size of your apps. DLLs can even make it easier to service and extend your apps. In this walkthrough, you'll create a DLL that implements some math functions. Then you'll create a console app that uses the functions from the DLL. You'll also get an introduction to some of the programming techniques and conventions used in Windows DLLs. This walkthrough covers these tasks: Create a DLL project in Visual Studio. Add exported functions and variables to the DLL. Create a console app project in Visual Studio. Use the functions and variables imported from the DLL in the console app. Run the completed app. Like a statically linked library, a DLL exports variables, functions, and resources by name. A client app imports the names to use those variables, functions, and resources. Unlike a statically linked library, Windows connects the imports in your app to the exports in a DLL at load time or at run time, instead of connecting them at link time. Windows requires extra information that isn't part of the standard C++ compilation model to make these connections. The MSVC compiler implements some Microsoft-specific extensions to C++ to provide this extra information. We explain these extensions as we go. This walkthrough creates two Visual Studio solutions; one that builds the DLL, and one that builds the client app. The DLL uses the C calling convention. It can be called from apps written in other programming languages, as long as the platform, calling conventions, and linking conventions match. The client app uses implicit linking, where Windows links the app to the DLL at load-time. This linking lets the app call the DLL-supplied functions just like the functions in a statically linked library. This walkthrough doesn't cover some common situations. The code doesn't show the use of C++ DLLs by other programming languages. It doesn't show how to create a resource-only DLL, or how to use explicit linking to load DLLs at run-time rather than at load-time. Rest assured, you can use MSVC and Visual Studio to do all these things. Even though the code of the DLL is written in C++, we've used C-style interfaces for the exported functions. There are two main reasons for this: First, many other languages support imports of C-style functions. The client app doesn't have to be written in C++. Second, it avoids some common pitfalls related to exported classes and member functions. It's easy to make hard-to-diagnose errors when exporting classes, since everything referred to within a class declaration has to have an instantiation that's also exported. This restriction applies to DLLs, but not static libraries. If your classes are plain-old-data style, you shouldn't run into this issue. For links to more information about DLLs, see Create C/C++ DLLs in Visual Studio. For more information about implicit linking and explicit linking, see Determine which linking method to use. For information about creating C++ DLLs for use with programming languages that use C-language linkage conventions, see Exporting C++ functions for use in C-language executables. For information about how to create DLLs for use with .NET languages, see Calling DLL Functions from Visual Basic Applications. Prerequisites A computer that runs Microsoft Windows 7 or later versions. We recommend the latest version of Windows for the best development experience. A copy of Visual Studio. For information on how to download and install Visual Studio, see Install Visual Studio. When you run the installer, make sure that the Desktop development with C++ workload is checked. Don'

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Table of contents What is File Handling in C++?fstream libraryofstream:ifstream:fstream: File Operations in C++Opening files in C++Writing to FileReading from file in C++Infile C++Closing a file in C++File Position Pointers What is File Handling in C++?fstream libraryofstreamifstreamfstreamFile Operations in C++Opening files in C++Writing to fileReading from file in C++inFile C++Closing a file in C++File Position Pointers What is File Handling in C++? File handling in C++ is a mechanism to store the output of a program in a file and help perform various operations on it. Files help store these data permanently on a storage device. The term Data is commonly referred to as known facts or information. In the present era, data plays a vital role. It helps to describe, diagnose, predict or prescribe. But to achieve all this, we need to store it somewhere. You all would argue that there are so many text editors like Notepad and MS Office, which help us store data in the form of text. You are right! But here we are discussing at a level of programming. In contrast, text editors like Notepad and MS Office are pre-built and cannot be accessed at the programming level to store data. File Handling is a hot topic when it comes to storing such programming data. Almost every programming language has a File Handling method to deal with the storage of data. In this article, we will learn about file handling in C++. But, before that, if you are a newbie at C++, you could check out this free course on C++ to learn the basics. Now, This topic of file handling is further divided into sub-topics: Create a fileOpen a fileRead from a fileWrite to a fileClose a file fstream library Before diving into each sub-topics, let us first learn about the header file we will be using to gain access to the file handling method. In C++, fstream library is used to handle files, and it is dealt with the help of three classes known as ofstream, ifstream and fstream. ofstream: This class helps create and write the data to the file obtained from the programs output. It is also known as the input stream. ifstream: We use this class to read data from files and also known as the input stream. fstream: This class is the combination of both ofstream and ifstream. It provides the capability of creating, writing and reading a file. To access the following classes, you must include the fstream as a header file like how we declare iostream in the header. Example: #include<iostream> #include<fstream> After including the header file, there comes a question saying do we need to create the file within the program or else do we need to use an existing file. But this isnt that difficult to answer because, in C++, we get four different methods to handle files. Lets discuss them one by one. File Operations in C++ C++ provides us with four different operations for file handling. They are: open() This is used to create a file.read() This is used to read the data from the file.write() This is used to write new data to file.close() This is used to close the file. We will look into each of these and try to understand them better. Opening files in C++ To read or enter data to a file, we need to open it first. This can be performed with the help of ifstream for reading and fstream or ofstream for writing or appending to the file. All these three objects have open() function pre-built in them. Syntax: Here: FileName It denotes the name of file which has to be opened. Mode There different mode to open a file and it explained in this article. ModeDescriptioniso::inFile opened in reading modeiso::outFile opened in write modeiso::appFile opened in append modeiso::ateFile opened in append mode but read and write performed at the end of the file. iso::binaryFile opened in binary mode iso::truncFile opened in truncate mode iso::nocreateThe file opens only if it exists iso::noreplaceThe file opens only if it doesnt exist In C++, we can use two modes simultaneously with the help of | (OR) oper

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In C language, header files contain a set of predefined standard library functions. The .h is the extension of the header files in C and we request to use a header file in our program by including it with the C preprocessing directive #include. C language has numerous libraries that include predefined functions to make programming easier. C++ Language also offers its users a variety of functions, one of which is included in header files. In C++, all the header files may or may not end with the .h extension. It offers the features like library functions, data types, macros, etc by importing them into the program with the help of a preprocessor directive #include. These preprocessor directives are used to instruct the compiler that these files need to be processed before compilation. Syntax of Header Files in C/C++ We can include header files in C by using one of the given two syntaxes whether it is a pre-defined or user-defined header file. #include <filename.h> // for files in system/default directory or #include "filename.h" // for files in same directory as source file The #include preprocessor directs the compiler that the header file needs to be processed before compilation and includes all the necessary data types and function definitions. Header Files in C Example C #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf( "Printf() is the function in stdio.h header file"); return 0; } C++ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "cout is a method of iostream header file"; return 0; } Output Printf() is the function in stdio.h header file Types of Header Files There are two types of header files in C and C++: Standard / Pre-existing header files Non-Standard / User-defined header files 1. Standard Header Files in C and their Uses Standard header files contain the libraries defined in the ISO standard of the C programming language. They are stored in the default directory of the compiler and are present in all the C compilers from any vendor. There are 31 standard header files in the latest version of C language. Following is the list of some commonly used header files in C: Header File Description <assert.h> It contains information for adding diagnostics that aid program debugging. <errorno.h> It is used to perform error handling operations like errno(), strerror(), perror(), etc. <float.h> It contains a set of various platform-dependent constants related to floating point values. These constants are proposed by ANSI C. They make programs more portable. Some examples of constants included in this header file are- e(exponent), b(base/radix), etc. <math.h> It is used to perform mathematical operations like sqrt(), log2(), pow(), etc. <signal.h> It is used to perform signal handling functions like signal() and raise(). <stdarg.h> It is used to perform standard argument functions like va_start() and va_arg(). It is also used to indicate start of the variable-length argument list and to fetch the arguments from the variable-length argument list in the program respectively. <ctype.h> It contains function prototypes for functions that test characters for certain properties, and also function prototypes for functions that can be used to convert uppercase letters to lowercase letters and vice versa. <stdio.h> It is used to perform input and output operations using functions like scanf(), printf(), etc. <setjump.h> It contains standard utility functions like malloc(), realloc(), etc. It contains function prototypes for functions that allow bypassing of the usual function call and return sequence. <string.h> It is used to perform various functionalities related to string manipulation like strlen(), strcmp(), strcpy(), size(), etc. <limits.h> It determines the various properties of the various variable types. The macros defined in this header limits the values of various variable types like char, int, and long. These limits specify that a variable cannot store any value beyond these limits, for example, an unsigned character can

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