Conversation with Merlin [email protected] · Tue Nov 14 2023

Eres un estudiante del ciclo superior de comercio internacional, y te han asignado un trabajo sobre remesa documentaria contra pago DP, de una empresa que hace una exportacion a China de muebles de cocina. Enumerame la documentación necesaria, fases y apartados.

Para una remesa documentaria contra pagoDP) en la exportación de muebles de cocina a China, se requeriría la siguiente documentación, fases y apartados:

Documentación necesaria:

  1. Factura comercial: Documento que detalla la venta de los muebles de cocina.
  2. Documentos de transporte: Pueden incluir el conocimiento de embarque marítimo o aéreo, que demuestra la posesión de los bienes por el transportista.
  3. Lista de empaque: Detalla el contenido de cada paquete.
  4. Certificado de origen: Documento que certifica el país de origen de los muebles de cocina.

Fases y apartados:

  1. Fase de preparación: La empresa exportadora recopila la documentación necesaria, prepara la factura comercial y los demás documentos requeridos.
  2. Presentación al banco: La empresa presenta la documentación al banco emisor, con instrucciones precisas para el cobro a través de una remesa documentaria contra pago (DP).
  3. Envío al importador: El banco emisor envía la documentación al banco importador en China, indicando que los documentos serán entregados al importador solo previo pago.
  4. Recepción por el importador: El importador recibe la documentación y, una vez realizado el pago, el banco le entrega los documentos, permitiéndole acceder a la mercancía.

Estos son los aspectos clave a considerar en la remesa documentaria contra pago para la exportación de muebles de cocina a China.

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Documentarias ORDEN DE PAGO DOCUMENTARIADescripcinLa orden de pago documentaria consiste en el mandato que una persona hace a una entidad financiera para que ponga a disposicin de un tercero, a travs de otro banco, una determinada cantidad de dinero, a la presentacin de ciertos documentos especificados en la propia orden, y que normalmente son acreditativos de la propiedad dela mercanca (factura comercial, documentos de transporte, etc.).REMESASIMPLEDescripcinLa remesa es una orden dada por el exportador a su banco para que contra la entrega de determinados documentos remitidos, se encargue del cobro de la operacin que se realizar mediante el pago o la aceptacin de efectos por el importador.En el caso de la remesa simple, los documentos remitidos son de carcter financiero (letras de cambio, pagars, cheques, comprobantes de pago, etc). El exportador rene los documentos financieros relativos a la operacin y los entrega a su banco (banco remitente) con instrucciones precisas sobre su cobro. Las remesas simples pueden ser, a su vez, de pago a la vista o con pago aplazado.REMESAS DOCUMENTARIASDescripcinLa remesa es una orden dada por el exportador a su banco para que contra la entrega de determinados documentos remitidos, se encargue del cobro de la operacin que se realizar mediante el pago o la aceptacin de efectos por el importador.La remesa documentaria se ajusta, en trminos generales, al sistema de la remesa simple, pero en la misma el cobro se instrumenta mediante la remesa de documentos comerciales a los que se acompaan los documentos financieros o incluso de tan slo documentos comerciales no acompaados de documentos financieros. Las remesas documentarias pueden ser, a su vez, contra pago, contra aceptacin y contra recibo de fideicomiso. GENERALIDADES DE LOS MEDIOS DE PAGO DOCUMENTARIOSLos documentos cumplen una funcin muy especial en el comercio internacional, ya que dan la propiedad de la mercanca, demuestran que la misma est asegurada ante posibles riesgos, atestiguan su cantidad o calidad, etc.Adems en los medios de pago que tienen la condicin de documentarios son el elemento bsico que permite su utilizacin, los documentos son la contrapartida exigida al instrumento de pago.Por lo tanto, la utilidad de los documentos es muy diferente en funcin de que el pago sea simple o documentario.MODALIDADES DE ENVO DE LA DOCUMENTACINEn los medios de pago simples el pago se efectasin los documentosque dan posesin a las mercancas, mientras que en los medios de pago documentarioslos documentos son entregados al compradorcontra pago o compromiso de pago.Por tanto, la entrega de la documentacin que acompaa a toda compra-venta internacional puede producirse bsicamente de dos formas:Directamente por elexportador al importadorEs la forma utilizada en los medios de pago simples.El exportador confa en que el importador, una vez recibida la documentacin,har efectivo el importe de la mercanca o reconocer la deuda mediante laaceptacin de un efecto; o bien el importador confa en recibir la documentacin(y la mercanca) en los plazos y la forma acordados cuando el pago ha precedidoal envo. Por mediacin bancariaEsta es la forma utilizada en los medios de pago documentarios.En este caso el banco interviene ante el importador para que ste pague o secomprometa al pago en la forma indicada por el vendedor, en cuyo casole har entrega de los documentos en la forma establecida.Si el importador no cumple con su parte, el banco no entregar losdocumentos que seguirn considerndose propiedad del vendedor. El bancodel importadorpuede garantizar el pago si avala el importador al vencimientoo ha establecido con anterioridad un crdito documentario. ORDEN DE PAGO DOCUMENTARIADescripcinLa orden de pago documentaria consiste en el mandato que comprador/importador hace a una entidad financiera para que ponga a disposicin del vendedor/exportador, a travs de otro banco, una determinada cantidad de dinero, a la presentacin de ciertos documentos especificados en la propia o

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Medios de Pago Internacionales Cada transaccin comercial puede ser susceptible de un medio de cobro diferente en funcin de la cuanta de la operacin, el plazo de cobro, el tipo de cliente, el grado de relacin existente entre comprador y vendedor, el pas en el que est el comprador, las costumbres de pago en el sector o en el pas, etc. Ninguna empresa que exporte regularmente y a varios pases, utiliza siempre el mismo medio de cobro. Por ello, es importante tener una buena panormica de todos ellos y de sus diferentes matices. La eleccin del medio de pago deber tener en cuenta los siguientes aspectos: Agilidad buscada, mayormente opuesto a la seguridad. Seguridad, a su vez opuestos al coste (cuanto ms seguro, ms caro). Poder negociador de las partes (si queremos vender, a veces tenemos que aceptar algn riesgo indeseado, si el comprador no est dispuesto a asumir el mayor coste que exigira nuestra seguridad) Caractersticas del pas del comprador, pues hay pases (con dificultades de pagos internacionales) en los que puede ser recomendable tomar precauciones adicionales, al margen de la solvencia de nuestro cliente. Financiacin. No todos los medios de cobro facilitan de la misma forma la financiacin de la operacin comercial; y, no pocas veces, sta es imprescindible para que se lleve a cabo. Para saber que medios de pago internacionales estn disponibles localmente, contacte a su sucursal Santander para obtener ms informacin. Billetes En el mbito de las Operaciones Comerciales Internacionales, apenas se utilizan los Billetes de Bancos Extranjeros como Medio de Pago. Ello es debido a los inconvenientes propios de Riesgos y Costes. Riesgos : De falsificaciones, robos, extravos y cambio Costes : Como consecuencia de la manipulacin, transporte, seguros, etc. los cambios resultan ms caros Adems hay que aadir las posibles restricciones que puedan presentar la normativa de Control de Cambio en algunos pases. Cheque Personal Descripcin Lo emite el titular de una cuenta corriente en una entidad de crdito contra los fondos que tiene depositados en la misma, y puede ser tanto nominativo como al portador. El exportador no tiene seguridad de cobro de la mercanca a pesar de haber recibido el cheque, dado que sta depender de la legalidad de la firma del librador y en la existencia o no de saldo en la cuenta. El cobro del cheque personal est supeditado a las leyes del pas del importador, ya que no en todos los pases permiten el pago al exterior mediante este instrumento. El cheque personal es utilizado como Medio de Pago Internacional cuando existe gran confianza entre el Exportador y el Importador. Sujetos Participantes Librador: Persona que emite el cheque. Librado: Persona fsica o jurdica depositaria de los fondos propiedad del librador (suele ser una entidad financiera). Tenedor: Persona que cobra el cheque. Operativa El Exportador (Vendedor) enva las mercancas y los documentos al importador (Comprador) El Importador (Comprador) remite al Exportador (Vendedor), llegado el plazo acordado, un cheque en divisas Una vez que el Exportador tenga el Cheque proceder a depositarlo en su banco para que gestione el cobro El Banco del Exportador gestionar su cobro a travs del Banco Pagador El Banco Pagador proceder, en su caso, a adeudarlo en la cuenta del Importador El Banco Pagador lo abonar al Banco del Exportador El importe ser abonado al Exportador Cheque Bancario Descripcin Es un documento emitido por un Banco, a peticin de un Importador de ese pas, contra l mismo o a cargo de otra entidad bancaria, normalmente ubicada en pas diferente, y a favor del exportador de la operacin que origin el pago que se pretende cancelar. Aunque no existe ninguna restriccin legal, no es aconsejable emitirlos al portador. Tiene una gran diferencia con el cheque personal: mientras el personal es emitido por una persona contra su cuenta corriente, el cheque bancario es emitido por el Banco Emisor contra la cuenta corriente que tiene en el Banco Librado. Este sistema de cobro,

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Ahora añade pros y contras a esta propuesta de la documentaria contra pago, imagina que eres un experto en el sector.

Pros de la Remesa Documentaria contra Pago:

  1. Simplicidad y Costo: Comparado con las cartas de crédito, una remesa documentaria es más simple y menos costosa.
  2. Control para el Exportador: El vendedor retiene la propiedad legal de los bienes hasta que el pago se haya efectuado.
  3. Tiempo de Recibo de Pago: Puede resultar en un recibo de pago más rápido que las ventas a cuenta abierta.

Contras de la Remesa Documentaria contra Pago:

  1. Riesgo de Impago: A diferencia de una carta de crédito, la remesa documentaria no proporciona ninguna garantía de pago por parte del banco.
  2. Dependencia del Comprador: Si el comprador se niega o es incapaz de pagar, el vendedor se podría enfrentar a costos considerables para encontrar otro comprador, pagar el transporte de retorno o abandonar la mercancía.
  3. Posibles Complicaciones: Si surgen discrepancias en la documentación, puede haber retrasos y complicaciones.

Es crucial recordar que, aunque proporciona una capa adicional de seguridad para el exportador en comparación con una venta en cuenta abierta, la remesa documentaria no ofrece la misma seguridad que una carta de crédito confirmada y a la vista.

DOCUMENTARY COLLECTIONWhat is Documentary Collection?Documentary collection is the collection by a bank of funds due from a buyer against the delivery of documents. The bank, acting as agent for the seller (exporter), presents documents to the buyer (importer) through that party's bank and in exchange receives payment of the amount owed, or obtains acceptance of a time draft for payment at a future date.The liability of the bank under a documentary collection is primarily restricted to following the seller's instructions in forwarding and releasing documents against payment or acceptance.How is Documentary Collection different from an L/C or Open Account?Unlike a letter of credit, the bank does not assume any liability to pay if the buyer does not want or is unable to pay. Compared to open account sales, the documentary collection offers more security to the seller, but less than a letter of credit.When should a Documentary Collection be used?Numerous criteria are applied by businesses when determining which payment instrument to offer as a term of sale. However, in general, a documentary collection would be appropriate where:1) The seller and the buyer know each other to be reliable.2) There is no doubt about the buyer's willingness or ability to pay.3) The political and economic conditions of the buyer's country are stable.4) The importer's country does not have restrictive foreign exchange controls.What are the advantages of a Documentary Collection?1) Simple and inexpensive handling compared to letters of credit.2) Often faster receipt of payment than open account terms.3) Seller retains title to the goods until payment or acceptance is made.What are the disadvantages of Documentary Collection?If the buyer refuses or is unable to pay, the seller has three options, which could be expensive:1) Find another buyer.2) Pay for return transportation3) Abandon the merchandise.Who are the parties involved?1) PRINCIPAL - exporter, seller, remitter, drawer of the draft.2) REMITTING BANK - exporter's bank handling the collection3) PRESENTING OR COLLECTING BANK - usually the buyer's bank.4) DRAWEE - importer, buyer, payee.What types of Documentary Collections are there?1) Documents against Payment (D/P) also known as "Sight Draft" or "Cash against Documents (CAD). The buyer must pay before the collecting bank releases the title documents.2) Documents against Acceptance (D/A). The buyer accepts a time draft, promising to pay for the goods at a future date. After acceptance, the title documents are released to the buyer.What if shipment by air freight?An Air Waybill (AWB) is a straight consignment; it is not negotiable. The buyer does not need the AWB topick up the goods. In other words, the buyer can obtain the merchandise without paying for it. To avoid this possibility, when shipping by air, the AWB should always be consigned to the buyer's bank. This prevents release of the merchandise until such time as the buyer's bank issues an Air Release to the carrier. This is done only after the buyer has made payment or accepted the draft.What are the steps in documentary collection?1) The buyer (importer) and seller (exporter) agree on the terms of sale, shipping dates, etc., and that payment will be made on a documentary collection basis.2) The exporter, through a freight forwarder, arranges for the delivery of goods to the port/airport of departure.3) The forwarder delivers the goods to the point of departure and prepares the necessary documentation based on instructions received from the exporter.4) Export documents and instructions are delivered to the exporter's bank by either the exporter or the freight forwarder.5) Following the instructions of the exporter, the bank processes the documents and forwards them to the buyer's bank.6) The buyer's bank, on receipt of documents, contacts the buyer and requests payment or acceptance of the trade draft.7) After payment or acceptance of the draft, documents are released to the buyer, who util

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Nov 06, 2020 - 06:37 PMAuthor - Emerio Banque What Is A Documentary Collection? Understanding Documentary Collection MeaningA documentary collection (DC) is a type of transaction where the exporter approaches his bank (known as remitting bank) for the collection of payment, which sends documents to the importers or buyers bank (collecting bank) along with the instructions to further send those documents to the buyer for releasing the payment. In other words, it is a type of trade finance instruments where an exporter is paid for its shipped goods by an importer after the banks of both the parties exchange the required documents. After the presentation of the documents, the exporters bank collects funds from the importers bank usually after the goods have arrived at the importers location.Adocument collectionis different from a letter of credit. In the case of DC, the exporters can get the payments by presenting its shipping and collection documents to their remitting bank. The remitting bank is responsible for forwarding these documents to the importers bank. Then, the importers bank pays the exporters bank by crediting those funds. However, the role of the banks is limited in the documentary collectionas they do not verify the documents, or guarantee the payment. They just guide you through the flow of the documents.Types of Documentary CollectionThere are two types of documentary collections for exporter and importer depending on when the payment is made to the exporter. Here they are as follows:1. Documents Against Payment Collection - Adocument against payment processis executed when the goods have been shipped by the exporter to the buyer. The seller instructs his bank to present and forward their shipping documents to the buyers bank. This is the most common form of the DC as it helps reduce the risk for the sellers and makes the importer pay the face amount of the draft at sight. When the buyer is presented with the draft, the payment must be made to the bank.2. Documents Against Acceptance Collection - In this type of documentary collections in trade finance, the importer is required to pay the exporter on a specific date or future date. The exporter provides a credit arrangement to the buyer and when the specified date is reached, the collecting bank (the buyers bank) approaches the buyer for payment. After the payment, the collecting bank transfers the funds to the exporters bank who then transfers the funds to the exporters.What Is The Process?Here the step-by-step guide to the process of documentary collection:1. Thedocumentary collection processbegins when the buyer and seller agree on the amount to be paid. It includes shipping details, and that transaction will be the documentary collection.2. The exporter or seller makes an agreement with the buyer and ships the goods to the buyer. Then, the seller presents a collection order to his bank so that the exporters bank could further submit the collection order to the buyers bank for receiving payment.3. Then, the buyers bank releases the documents, known as a presentation document to the buyer. Now the buyer is responsible to make a payment or acceptance to his bank.4. The payment then is sent to the sellers bank by the buyers bank and the sellers bank submits the payment or acceptance to the seller.Advantages And Disadvantages of Documentary Collection Find thedocumentary collection advantages and disadvantages. Here they are as follows:Advantages of Documentary Collection1. Safe and reliable assistance from the bank in obtainingexport documentary collections.2. The process is simple, quick, and less expensive than LCs. 3. Easier handling of the documents.4. Faster receipt of payment.5. Seller holds the title of goods until the payment is made.6. Payment warranty to the exporters.7. Sellers can enhance their business throughout the world.8. Tracking of outstanding collections.9. More affordable than LC10. Money transactions can be executed.Disadvantages 1. The rol

emeriobanque.com

What Is Documentary Collection? Documentary collection is a form of trade finance in which an exporter is paid for its goods by an importer after the two parties' banks exchange the required documents. The exporter's bank collects funds from the importer's bank in exchange for documents releasing title to the shipped merchandise, usually after the goods arrive at the importer's location. Key Takeaways Documentary collection is method of trade finance in which an exporter's bank forwards documents to an importer's bank and collects payment for shipped goods.Documentary collection is less common than advance cash payment and open account terms, particularly in countries with weak enforcement of contracts.Documents against payment require the importer to pay the amount of the draft at sight. Documents against acceptance require payment by a specified date. Understanding Documentary Collection Documentary collection is so-called because the exporter receives payment from the importer in exchange for the shipping documents. Shipping documents are required for the buyerto clear the goods through customs and take delivery. They include a commercial invoice, certificate of origin, insurance certificate, and packing list. A key document in a documentary collection is the bill of exchange or draft, which is a formal demand for payment from the exporter to importer. Documentary collection is less common than other forms of trade finance, such as letters of credit and advance payment. It is less expensive than some methods but also somewhat riskier, so is generally limited to transactions between parties who have developed trust or are located in countries with strong legal systems and contract enforcement. A sight draft reduces the exporter's risk because the buyer's bank will not release the documents without payment from the buyer, but neither side's bank assumes any financial responsibility in a documentary collection transaction. Two Types of Documentary Collection Documentary collections falls into two basic categories, depending on when the payment is made to the exporter: Documents against payment require the importer to pay the face amount of the draft at sight. In other words, the payment must be made to the bank when the buyer is presented with the draft, and before any shipping documents are released. This is the most common form of documentary collection because of the reduced risk for the seller.Documents against acceptance require the importer to pay on a specified date. Once the buyer accepts the time draft, the bank releases the documents to the buyer. Steps in Export and Documentary Collection Below is the step-by-step process: The sale is made when the buyer and seller agree on the amount to be paid, the shipping details, and that the transaction will be a documentary collection. Then, the exporter delivers the goods to the port or location where the merchandise will be exported from, which is usually through a freight forwarder. The documents are prepared and sent to the exporter's bank, which is also known as the remitting bank. The exporter's bank then forwards the documents to the importers bank, which is known as the collecting bank. The importer's or buyer's bank receives the documents and notifies the buyer that documents have been received. The buyer's bank requests payment from the buyer in exchange for the documents. Once the buyer's bank has been paid, or the buyer has accepted the time draft, the bank releases the documents to the buyer. The buyer uses the documents to collect the merchandise. Other Considerations: The Risks of Documentary Collections The exporter's risk is higher with a time draft versus a sight draft, as the buyer's bank would have released the documents with the buyer's acceptance of the time draftmeaning the buyer could already have possession of the merchandise by the time payment is due. The seller's risk is limited with a sight draft. This is because the buyer's bank would not releas

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