Please explain me bellow point? 1. definition of probability index and combind index 2. how do we calculate them and 3 what is the cutoff to discriminate unrelated people from half sibling
Certainly! Let's address each point step by step:
Definition of Probability Index and Combined Index:
How do we calculate them:
Cutoff to discriminate unrelated people from half-siblings:
I hope this explanation helps clarify the concepts of Probability Index, Combined Index, and the cutoff for discriminating unrelated people from half-siblings in paternity testing. If you have any further questions or if there's anything else you'd like to understand better, feel free to ask!
please explain more about Combined Paternity Index and Probability of paternity and the difference between unrelated people and half sibling. please introduce me some reference with examples to calculate this indexes for ABI 17 marker kit
The Combined Paternity Index (CPI) and the Probability ofernity (POP) are critical concepts in paternity testing, distinguishing related and unrelated individuals. Let's discuss each concept and their differences, followed by an introduction to references and examples for calculating these indexes specifically using the ABI 17 marker kit.
Combined Paternity Index (CPI):
Probability of Paternity (POP):
Difference between Unrelated People and Half-Siblings:
Reference and Examples for ABI 17 Marker Kit:
I hope this explanation provides a clearer understanding of Combined Paternity Index, Probability of Paternity, and their application in discerning relationships in paternity testing. If you need further information on calculations or specific references for the ABI 17 kit, feel free to inquire for more details.
please tell me how can we calculate Probability of Paternity (POP) with an example
Certainly! The Probability of Paternity (POP) can be calculated using genetic markers from the tested child and the potential father. The process involves comparing the genetic profiles of the child and the alleged father, and then calculating the likelihood that the tested man is the biological father based on these profiles. Here's a step-by-step example of how to calculate the Probability of Paternity:
Obtain Genetic Profiles:
Determine Alleles at Genetic Markers:
Calculate the Combined Probability of Exclusion:
Derive the Relative Probability:
Calculate the Probability of Paternity:
Example: Let's consider a hypothetical scenario using a single genetic marker. Assume the child has alleles 12 and 15, while the alleged father has alleles 10 and 15. The frequencies of these alleles in the relevant population are 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.4, respectively.
For the Combined Probability of Exclusion (CPE) and Relative Probability (RP), you would calculate: CPE = (1 - 0.3) * (1 - 0.4) = 0.7 * 0.6 = 0.42 RP = 1 - 0.42 = 0.58
Assuming a prior odds of 0.5, you can then calculate the Probability of Paternity (POP): POP = 0.58 / (0.58 + (1 - 0.58) / 0.5) ≈ 0.853
This example demonstrates a simplified calculation for a single genetic marker. In actual paternity testing, multiple genetic markers are examined, and the combined results contribute to the overall Probability of Paternity.
I hope this example helps illustrate the calculation of the Probability of Paternity. If you have any further questions or if there's anything else you'd like to understand better, feel free to ask!
please introduce paper for these formula and calculations
The calculations and formulas for the Probability of Paternity (POP) and related concepts in paternity testing are based on principles of population genetics and statistical analysis of DNA profiles. These principles are widely documented and discussed scientific literature, technical manuals, and research papers related to forensic genetics and paternity testing. Here are a few reference papers and sources where you can find in-depth discussions and applications of these calculations:
"Forensic DNA Typing" by John M Butler:
"Population Genetics for Forensic Scientists" by Ford and Balding:
"Genetics and of Quantitative Traits" by Michael Lynch and Bruce Walsh:
When seeking scholarly references for the formulas and calculations related to Probability of Paternity and other paternity testing concepts, scientific journals such as Forensic Science International, Journal of Forensic Sciences, and Genetics in Medicine are also excellent sources for detailed research articles and discussions in the field of forensic genetics and DNA analysis.
These should provide in-depth discussions and detailed explanations of the formulas and calculations involved in paternity testing, thus valuable insight into the scientific basis of the Probability of Paternity and related concepts. If you need more specific recommendations or further assistance, feel free to ask for additional details.
in there any excell sheet to use for this calculation
Yes, there are several Excel spreadsheets and software tools available for performing paternity testing calculations, including the Probability of Paternity and related genetic analysis. These tools are designed to streamline the calculations and provide a user-friendly interface for entering genetic data and obtaining the relevant statistical results. Here are a few resources where you can find Excel sheets or software for paternity testing calculations:
Online Resources:
Laboratory Software:
Commercial Software:
Excel Templates:
When looking for an Excel sheet or software tool for paternity testing calculations, it's important to ensure that the tool aligns with recognized standards and guidelines in forensic genetics and DNA analysis. Additionally, consulting with professionals in the field of forensic genetics or DNA testing may provide valuable insights into the availability of relevant software tools and resources.
If you require further assistance in locating specific software or Excel tools for paternity testing calculations, please feel free to ask for additional guidance or details about your specific requirements.
please introme me some excell sheet to calculate
I don't have the ability to provide specific Excel sheets directly. However, you can often find Excel templates or spreadsheets for paternity testing calculations by searching online academic databases, forensic science resources, or professional genetics forums and websites. Additionally, some genetic analysis software providers may offer Excel-based tools as part of their packages. When searching for such resources, it's essential to ensure that any Excel sheet you use aligns with recognized scientific standards and guidelines for paternity testing calculations.
If you have access to academic or institutional libraries, you may also find scholarly articles, books, or technical manuals that include examples and templates for paternity testing calculations using Excel.
When using any Excel sheet for paternity testing calculations, it's important to verify the accuracy and applicability of the formulas and methods used, especially in the context of forensic genetics and DNA analysis.
If you need assistance with specific aspects of paternity testing calculations or require further guidance on locating Excel sheets for this purpose, feel free to ask for additional help or details on a particular area of interest.