Conversation with Merlin [email protected] · Sat Nov 25 2023

Show the stack with all activation record instances, including the dynamic chain, when execution reaches the position indicated in the following skeletal program.

void fun1() { float a; . . . } void fun2() { int b, c; . . . } void fun3() { float d; . . . Draw at this point } void main() { char e, f, g; . . . }

The calling sequence for this program for execution to reach fun3 is main calls fun2 fun2 calls fun1 fun1 calls fun1 fun1 calls fun3

To provide a comprehensive visualization of the stack and activation records at the indicated point in the program, let's consider the calling sequence and the activation records for each function call.

Here's the calling sequence and the subsequent activation records in the stack:

  1. main calls fun2
  2. fun2 calls fun1
  3. fun1 calls fun1
  4. fun1 calls fun3

Now, let's draw the activation records and dynamic chain when execution reaches the indicated point in the fun3 function:

      ----------
      |  fun3  |
      |--------|
      |   d    | Activation Record for fun3
      ----------      ^ 
      |  fun1  |       | Dynamic Chain
      |--------|      |
      |   a    |    -----
      ----------    |  fun1 |
      |  fun2  |    |-------|
      |--------|    |   a   |
      |   b    |    |-------|
      |   c    |    |  fun3 |
      ----------    |-------|
      |  main  |    |   d   |
      |--------|    |-------|
      |   e    |    |  fun1 |
      |   f    |    |-------|
      |   g    |    |   a   |
      ----------    |-------|
                   ----------

In the diagram above:

  • The activation records for each function call are represented in separate boxes.
  • The dynamic chain connects the activation records, showing the nested function calls.

This visualization depicts the stack with all activation record instances and the dynamic chain when execution reaches the point indicated within the skeletal program provided.