Conversation with Merlin [email protected] · Sun Nov 19 2023

when did the homosexual movment start in the United States

The history of the homosexual movement in the United States can be traced back to the early 20th century. The movements for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals began to gain momentum during this time, and they have been influential in achieving social progress for the LGBT community. The movement has involved various forms of political activism, cultural activities, and advocacy for LGBT rights, and it continues to evolve today. The struggles and contributions of LGBT people, as well as the social movements they have built, shaped the history of LGBT rights in the United States.

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2011) LGBT movements in the United States comprise an interwoven history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and allied movements in the United States of America, beginning in the early 20th century and influential in achieving social progress for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and transsexual people. LGBT movements in general[edit] Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) social movements is a political ideology and social movement that advocate for the full acceptance of LGBT people in society. In these movements, LGBT people and their allies have a long history of campaigning for what is now generally called LGBT rights, sometimes also called gay rights or gay and lesbian rights. Although there is not a primary or an overarching central organization that represents all LGBT people and their interests, numerous LGBT rights organizations are active worldwide. A commonly stated goal among these movements is social equality for LGBT people. Some have also focused on building LGBT communities or worked towards liberation for the broader society from biphobia, homophobia, and transphobia.[1][2] LGBT movements organized today are made up of a wide range of political activism and cultural activity, including lobbying, street marches, social groups, media, art, and research. Not only does the LGBT community strive for their rights, they celebrate as well. In multiple cities around the United States, a series of events usually over the course of one weekend, are carried out and known widely as Pride. In addition to expressing LGBT rights, the annual event has a goal to show that the community is proud of who they are, and will continue to push forward in their fight for rights. Sociologist Mary Bernstein writes: "For the lesbian and gay movement, then, cultural goals include (but are not limited to) challenging dominant constructions of masculinity and femininity, homophobia, and the primacy of the gendered heterosexual nuclear family (heteronormativity). Political goals include changing laws and policies in order to gain new rights, benefits, and protections from harm."[3] Bernstein emphasizes that activists seek both types of goals in both the civil and political spheres. As with other social movements there is also conflict within and between LGBT movements, especially about strategies for change and debates over exactly who comprises the constituency that these movements represent. There is debate over to what extent lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender people, intersex people and others share common interests and a need to work together. Leaders of the lesbian and gay movement of the 1970s, 80s and 90s often attempted to hide masculine lesbians, feminine gay men, transgender people, and bisexuals from the public eye, creating internal divisions within LGBT communities.[4] LGBT movements have often adopted a kind of identity politics that sees gay, bisexual and/or transgender people as a fixed class of people; a minority group or groups. Those using this approach aspire to liberal political goals of freedom and equal opportunity, and aim to join the political mainstream on the same level as other groups in society.[5] In arguing that sexual orientation and gender identity are innate and cannot be consciously changed, attempts to change gay, lesbian and bisexual people into heterosexuals ("conversion therapy") are generally opposed by the LGBT community. Such attempts are often based in religious beliefs that perceive gay, lesbian and bisexual activity as immoral. However, others within LGBT movements have criticized identity politics as limited and flawed.Elements of the queer movement have argued that the categories of gay and lesbian are restrictive, and attempted to deconstruct those categories, which are seen to "reinforce rather than challenge a cultural system that will always

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The Stonewall Inn in the gay village of Greenwich Village, Manhattan, site of the June 28, 1969 Stonewall riots, the cradle of the modern LGBT rights movement, is adorned with rainbow pride flags in 2016.[1][2][3] LGBT history in the United States spans the contributions and struggles of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, as well as the LGBT social movements they have built.[4][5] 17th18th century[edit] Colonial life[edit] Colonies in the early 1600s were established with Puritan or Christian norms. These norms included the traditional heterosexual family structure with a man and a woman. This led to the criminalization of homosexuality, or sodomy, in the early colonies[6] Sodomy in the early colonies[edit] Documented executions for sodomy began in 1624 with Richard Cornish, a member of the Virginia Colony. Influenced by Puritan beliefs and values, the Massachusetts Bay General Court was the first to officially outlaw sodomy in 1631. The first (documented) conviction for lesbian behavior in America took place in 1649 with the prosecution of Sarah White Norman and Mary Vincent Hammon.[7] In 1714 Sodomy laws were established across the early colonies and in the colonial militia; the laws were not abolished until 1925.[8] 19th century[edit] Noah Webster published the original Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language in 1828. He included several LGBT terms in his book; focusing on terms for gay sexual practices and ignoring lesbian sexual practices: bugger,[9] buggery,[10] pathic,[11] pederast,[12] pederastic,[13] pederasty,[14] sodomy,[15] and sodomite.[16] He occasionally cited the King James Version. For example, Webster cited First Epistle to the Corinthians VI to define the homosexual context of the term abuser.[17] Another citation is the Book of Genesis 18 to associate the term, cry to the Sodom and Gomorrah.[18] One of the first public advocates for gay rights in America was the Presbyterian pastor Carl Schlegel.[19] Figures[edit] Both American presidents James Buchanan and his successor Abraham Lincoln were speculated to be homosexual. The sexuality of Abraham Lincoln has been considered for over a century. Perhaps the greatest proof to connect Lincoln and homosexuality is a poem that he wrote in his youth that reads: "But Billy has married a boy".[20] LGBT persons were present throughout the post-independence history of the country, with gay men having served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.[21] The United States saw the rise of its own Uranian poetry after the Uranian ("Urnings") movement began to rise in the Western world. Walt Whitman denied his homosexuality in a letter after asked outright about his sexual orientation by John Addington Symonds.[22][23] Bayard Taylor wrote Joseph and His Friend: A Story of Pennsylvania in 1870. Archibald Clavering Gunter wrote a lesbian story in 1896 that would serve for the 1914 film, "A Florida Enchantment." Nineteenth-century Vermont residents Charity Bryant and Sylvia Drake, documented by Rachel Hope Cleves in her 2014 book Charity and Sylvia: A Same-Sex Marriage in Early America,[24] Susan Lee Johnson included the story of Jason Chamberlain and John Chaffee, a California couple who were together for over 50 years until Chaffee's death in 1903, in her 2000 book Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush.[25] Around 1890, former acting First Lady Rose Cleveland started a lesbian relationship with Evangeline Marrs Simpson, with explicit erotic correspondence;[26] this cooled when Evangeline married Henry Benjamin Whipple, but after his death in 1901 the two rekindled their relationship and in 1910 they moved to Italy together.[27][28][29] Ganymede by Henry Oliver Walker, ca. 1898, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Henry Oliver Walker was permitted in 1898 to paint a mural in the Library of Congress. What the eccentric artist painted was shocking to pious sympathies: a mural of the catamite Ganymede with Zeus in t

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LGBTQ Rights Timeline in American History This timeline is organized in units that are typically taught in middle school and high school U.S. History classrooms and is consistent with the people and events listed in the new California History-Social Science Framework (2016). Our Family Coalition will be updating the timeline over time. It is important to note that there existed lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgenderindividuals, communities, and relationshipslong before these terms became commonplace. Gay and lesbian relationships existed in ancient Rome and Greece communities and are shown in a variety of art from that time. The years when common terms began to be used are listed first followed by important LGBTQ history events: Lesbian 1732 the term lesbian first used by William King in his book, The Toast, published in England which meant women who loved women.Homosexual 1869 Hungarian journalist Karl-Maria Kertheny first used the term homosexual. Bisexual 1894/1967. 1872 the pamphlet, Psychopathia Sexualis was translated from German and one of the first times the term bisexual is used. 1967: Sexual Freedom League formed in San Francisco in support of bisexual people. Gay 1955 the term gay was used throughout Europe earlier, but this is the year most agree that gay came to mean same-sex relationships between men. Transgender 1965 John Oliven, in his book, Sexual Hygiene and Pathology, used the term transgender to mean a person who identifies with a gender other than the one they were assigned at birth. Colonial Life and Founding of the Nation (1607-1770) 1607 Founding of Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America. 1619 Approximately 20 Africans sold into slavery in Jamestown, Virginia. 1620 Colonial Plymouth established with Puritan norms. Mayflower contract signed by the men in the group for the glory of God and advancement of the Christian faith Established gender norms that determined the nuclear family unit was the basis for all other institutions such as government or church. Men held leadership positions, while womens purpose was submissive and to please your husband and make him happy. 1624 Richard Cornish of the Virginia Colony is tried and hanged for sodomy. 1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony was established believing they had made a covenant with God to build an ideal Christian community. 1631 Massachusetts Bay General Court, in accordance with Puritan religious and moral beliefs, declared that the following were considered sex crimes and were punishable by whipping, banishment or execution: fornication, adultery, rape, and sodomy. 1637, 1638 Trials of Anne Hutchinson in the Massachusetts colony for holding religious meetings in her home since she was not allowed to hold these types of meetings in the male-dominated churches. She was banned from the community. 1649 Sarah White Norman and Mary Vincent Hammon are charged with lewd behavior in Plymouth, Massachusetts, believed to be the first conviction for lesbian behavior in the new world. 1687 New England Primer published and used in colonial schools (90 pages). Some consider this as the first school-based textbook. Content included letters and words, as well as religious-based prayers and instruction such as, God created man, male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures. 1691 Virginia passes the first anti-miscegenation law, forbidding marriage between whites and blacks or whites and Native Americans (overturned in 1967 in Loving v. Virginia). 1714 Sodomy laws in place in the early colonies and in the colonial militia. These laws remained in place until challenged in 1925. American Revolution, Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution (1770-1787) 1775 Population of enslaved people in the colonies is nearly 500,000. 1776 Declaration of Independence. 1778 Lieutenant Gotthold Frederick Enslin of the Continental Army becomes the first documented

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